I conducted follow-up ethnographic fieldwork with the descendants of the 1923 Greek-Turkish Population Exchange as they memorialized the 100th anniversary of the event. I interviewed leaders and members of Istanbul's exchangee organization about the memorialization events they organized and attended and the meaning of the anniversary. I also learned how their activities and goals had changed in the years since I conducted long-term fieldwork with them. The pandemic and pressing economic problems in Turkey have transformed the landscape upon which exchangee heritage preservation and homeland tourism activities occur. Upon the 100th anniversary, exchangees especially highlighted the forced nature of their expulsion as a way of drawing attention to the trauma suffered by their ancestors and distinguishing them from other migrants who occupy an uncertain position in Turkey currently. They hope that by publicizing their ancestral pain, forced migrations will not occur in the future. They also hope that the fourth and fifth generation exchangees will continue to know their history and distinct cultural traditions even though the identity of "exchangee" seems to be less strong amongst their children and grandchildren.

This research trip also provided the opportunity to practice and update ethnographic methods that I teach in ANTHRCUL 359: Qualitative Methods in Ethnography, and provide further context to lessons in ANTHRCUL 101 Introduction to Anthropology and ANTHRCUL 409: Peoples and Cultures of the Near East and North Africa.

Finally, it provided an important update to the book I am currently preparing based upon my previous research.